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The difference between hot forging and cold forging
Hot forging is forging performed above the recrystallization temperature of the metal. Increasing the temperature can improve the plasticity of the metal, which is conducive to improving the intrinsic quality of the workpiece and making it less prone to cracking.
Hot forging is forging performed above the recrystallization temperature of the metal. Increasing the temperature can improve the plasticity of the metal, which is conducive to improving the intrinsic quality of the workpiece and making it less prone to cracking. High temperature can also reduce the deformation resistance of the metal and reduce the tonnage of the required forging machinery. However, there are many hot forging processes, the workpiece accuracy is poor, the surface is not smooth, and the forgings are prone to oxidation, decarburization and burning. When the workpiece is large and thick, the material strength is high, and the plasticity is low (such as the rolling of extra-thick plates, the drawing of high-carbon steel bars, etc.), hot forging is used. When the metal (such as lead, tin, zinc, copper, aluminum, etc.) has sufficient plasticity and a small amount of deformation (such as in most stamping processes), or the total amount of deformation is large and the forging process used (such as extrusion, When it is beneficial to the plastic deformation of metal, hot forging is often not used, but cold forging is used instead. In order to complete as much forging work as possible in one heating, the temperature range between the initial forging temperature and the final forging temperature of hot forging should be as large as possible. However, if the initial forging temperature is too high, the metal grains will grow too large and cause overheating, which will reduce the quality of the forging parts. When the temperature is close to the melting point of the metal, the intergranular low melting point material will melt and intergranular oxidation will occur, resulting in overburning. Overfired billets tend to crumble during forging. The commonly used hot forging temperatures are: carbon steel 800-1250°C; alloy structural steel 850-1150°C; high-speed steel 900-1100°C; commonly used aluminum alloy 380-500°C; titanium alloy 850-1000°C; brass 700°C ~900°C.
Cold forging is forging at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature of the metal. Generally speaking, cold forging refers to forging at room temperature, while forging at a temperature higher than normal temperature but not exceeding the recrystallization temperature is called warm. Forging. Warm forging has higher precision, smoother surface and less deformation resistance. The workpiece formed by cold forging at room temperature has high shape and dimensional accuracy, smooth surface and few processing steps, which is convenient for automatic production. Many cold forging and cold stamping parts can be directly used as parts or products without cutting. However, during cold forging, due to the low plasticity of the metal, cracking is easy to occur during deformation, and the deformation resistance is large, which requires a large tonnage of forging machinery.
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